the house is jointly owned

mitoyen, -yenne [mitwajɛ̃, jεn]

[bâtiments, jardins] adjoining

• mur mitoyen party wall

• maisons mitoyennes (deux) semidetached houses (Brit) duplex houses (US) ; (plus de deux) terraced houses (Brit) town houses (US)

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- enne mitwajɛ̃, ɛn adjectif

1) Droit ( en commun) [haie] dividing

2) ( contigu) controv [bâtiment] adjoining

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1) (mur, jardin) common, party modif

2)

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mitoyen, - enne adj

1 Jur ( en commun) [cloison, haie] dividing; [arbre] jointly owned; mur mitoyen party wall;

2 ( contigu) controv [bâtiment] adjoining; la maison mitoyenne de la nôtre the house adjoining ours.

( féminin mitoyenne) [mitwajɛ̃, ɛn] adjectif

1. [commun] common, shared

2. [jouxtant] bordering, neighbouring

3. [en copropriété] commonly-owned, jointly-owned

"feature;

Eigenschaft;

propriedade"

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f invar property

diritto ownership

proprietà privata private property

essere di proprietà di qualcuno belong to s.o., be s.o.'s property

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proprietà s.f.

1 property, ownership, possession: proprietà pubblica, privata, public, private property; proprietà esclusiva, freehold property (o absolute ownership); proprietà assoluta, fee simple; proprietà apparente, ostensive ownership; proprietà in affitto, leasehold; proprietà industriale, ( su marchi, brevetti, diritti) industrial property (o patent rights); proprietà edilizia, real estate (o property); proprietà in usufrutto, life estate; proprietà sociale, social ownership; proprietà soggetta a imposta, taxable property; proprietà in un paese di non residenza, absentee ownership; trasferimento di proprietà, transfer of property; nuda proprietà, bare (o residuary right of) ownership; la fattoria è di proprietà di mio padre, the farm belongs to my father; questa casa è di mia proprietà, this house is my property; di proprietà dello stato, state-owned; immobile di proprietà mista, jointly-owned property; diritto di proprietà, right of ownership // proprietà letteraria, copyright

2 ( possedimento) property, estate, land, holding: ho comprato una proprietà in campagna, I have bought a property in the country; la sua proprietà era in una stupenda posizione, his estate was in a wonderful position; proprietà terriera, landed property; piccola proprietà, small holding (o property)

3 ( caratteristica) property, characteristic: proprietà chimiche, fisiche, chemical, physical properties; le proprietà del ferro, dell'oro, the properties of iron, gold; conoscere le proprietà curative delle erbe, to know the curative properties of herbs

4 ( correttezza, decoro) propriety, correctness: proprietà di linguaggio, propriety of language; veste con molta proprietà, she dresses very properly; parla con proprietà, he speaks very correctly

5 ( i proprietari) owners (pl.): il direttore del giornale è nominato dalla proprietà, the editor of the newspaper is appointed by the owners.

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sostantivo femminile invariabile

1) (possesso) ownership, property

2) (bene posseduto) property, estate, possessions pl.

3) (caratteristica) property, characteristic

4) (esattezza) propriety, correctness

5) di proprietà

•

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proprietà

/proprje'ta/

f.inv.

 1 (possesso) ownership, property; diritto di proprietà proprietary right; violazione della proprietà trespass; passaggio di proprietà transfer of property; nuda proprietà bare ownership, residuary of right ownership

 2 (bene posseduto) property, estate, possessions pl.

 3 (caratteristica) property, characteristic; una pianta con proprietà medicinali a plant with medicinal properties

 4 (esattezza) propriety, correctness; parlare con, senza proprietà di linguaggio to speak with, without correctness of speech

 5 di proprietà essere di proprietà di qcn. to belong to sb., to be sb.'s property

COMPOUNDS

proprietà artistica e letteraria copyright; proprietà assoluta fee simple, freehold (possession); proprietà fondiaria landed estate; proprietà immobiliare real estate o property; proprietà industriale patent rights; proprietà privata private property o ownership; (su cartello) private property, no trespassing; proprietà terriera →  proprietà fondiaria.

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology, Mining and extraction technology, Weapons and armour

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The son of a barber-surgeon who deserted his family to serve in the Swedish army, Nobel showed little interest in academic pursuits as a child and was sent to sea at the age of 16, but jumped ship in Egypt and was eventually employed as an architect by the pasha. Returning to Sweden, he won a scholarship to the Stockholm School of Architecture, where he studied from 1821 to 1825 and was awarded a number of prizes. His interest then leaned towards mechanical matters and he transferred to the Stockholm School of Engineering. Designs for linen-finishing machines won him a prize there, and he also patented a means of transforming rotary into reciprocating movement. He then entered the real-estate business and was successful until a fire in 1833 destroyed his house and everything he owned. By this time he had married and had two sons, with a third, Alfred (of Nobel Prize fame; see Alfred Nobel), on the way. Moving to more modest quarters on the outskirts of Stockholm, Immanuel resumed his inventions, concentrating largely on India rubber, which he applied to surgical instruments and military equipment, including a rubber knapsack.

It was talk of plans to construct a canal at Suez that first excited his interest in explosives. He saw them as a means of making mining more efficient and began to experiment in his backyard. However, this made him unpopular with his neighbours, and the city authorities ordered him to cease his investigations. By this time he was deeply in debt and in 1837 moved to Finland, leaving his family in Stockholm. He hoped to interest the Russians in land and sea mines and, after some four years, succeeded in obtaining financial backing from the Ministry of War, enabling him to set up a foundry and arms factory in St Petersburg and to bring his family over. By 1850 he was clear of debt in Sweden and had begun to acquire a high reputation as an inventor and industrialist. His invention of the horned contact mine was to be the basic pattern of the sea mine for almost the next 100 years, but he also created and manufactured a central-heating system based on hot-water pipes. His three sons, Ludwig, Robert and Alfred, had now joined him in his business, but even so the outbreak of war with Britain and France in the Crimea placed severe pressures on him. The Russians looked to him to convert their navy from sail to steam, even though he had no experience in naval propulsion, but the aftermath of the Crimean War brought financial ruin once more to Immanuel. Amongst the reforms brought in by Tsar Alexander II was a reliance on imports to equip the armed forces, so all domestic arms contracts were abruptly cancelled, including those being undertaken by Nobel. Unable to raise money from the banks, Immanuel was forced to declare himself bankrupt and leave Russia for his native Sweden. Nobel then reverted to his study of explosives, particularly of how to adapt the then highly unstable nitroglycerine, which had first been developed by Ascanio Sobrero in 1847, for blasting and mining. Nobel believed that this could be done by mixing it with gunpowder, but could not establish the right proportions. His son Alfred pursued the matter semi-independently and eventually evolved the principle of the primary charge (and through it created the blasting cap), having taken out a patent for a nitroglycerine product in his own name; the eventual result of this was called dynamite. Father and son eventually fell out over Alfred's independent line, but worse was to follow. In September 1864 Immanuel's youngest son, Oscar, then studying chemistry at Uppsala University, was killed in an explosion in Alfred's laboratory: Immanuel suffered a stroke, but this only temporarily incapacitated him, and he continued to put forward new ideas. These included making timber a more flexible material through gluing crossed veneers under pressure and bending waste timber under steam, a concept which eventually came to fruition in the form of plywood.

In 1868 Immanuel and Alfred were jointly awarded the prestigious Letterstedt Prize for their work on explosives, but Alfred never for-gave his father for retaining the medal without offering it to him.

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